<?php
// IntegerBaseConverter.php
// Created: 2024-07-31
// Updated: 2024-08-04

namespace Index;

use InvalidArgumentException;

/**
 * Provides methods for encoding integers in different bases.
 */
class IntegerBaseConverter {
    private int $maxBase;

    /**
     * @param string $characterSet Specifies the provided character set, must be a string consisting out of at least two unique characters.
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException If $characterSet contains less than two characters.
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException If $characterSet contains duplicate characters.
     */
    public function __construct(
        private string $characterSet
    ) {
        $length = strlen($characterSet);
        if($length < 2)
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('$characterSet must contain at least two characters');
        if(XString::countUnique($characterSet) !== $length)
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('$characterSet must contain a set of entirely unique characters');

        $this->maxBase = $length;
    }

    /**
     * Converts a positive base10 integer to another base.
     *
     * @param int $integer The integer to encode.
     * @param int $toBase Target base, 0 for the base of the provided character set.
     * @return string The encoded data, as a string.
     */
    public function encode(int $integer, int $toBase = 0): string {
        if($integer < 0)
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('$integer contains a negative value, which cannot be represented');
        if($toBase === 0)
            $toBase = $this->maxBase;
        else {
            if($toBase < 2)
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('lowest supported value for $toBase is 2');
            if($toBase > $this->maxBase)
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('specified $toBase value is greater than the amount of characters in the provided character set');
        }

        if($integer === 0)
            return '';

        $output = '';

        for($i = floor(log10($integer) / log10($toBase)); $i >= 0; --$i) {
            $exp = $toBase ** $i;
            $index = (int)floor($integer / $exp);
            $output .= $this->characterSet[$index];
            $integer -= $index * $exp;
        }

        return $output;
    }

    /**
     * Converts another base encoded integer to a base10 integer.
     *
     * @param string $string The encoded integer.
     * @param int $fromBase Source base, 0 for the base of the provided character set.
     * @return int|false Returns the decoded integer or false on failure.
     */
    public function decode(string $string, int $fromBase = 0): int|false {
        if($fromBase === 0)
            $fromBase = $this->maxBase;
        else {
            if($fromBase < 2)
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('lowest supported value for $fromBase is 2');
            if($fromBase > $this->maxBase)
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('specified $fromBase value is greater than the amount of characters in the provided character set');
        }

        if($string === '')
            return 0;

        $output = 0;
        $length = strlen($string) - 1;

        for($i = 0; $i <= $length; ++$i) {
            $pos = strpos($this->characterSet, $string[$i]);
            if($pos === false)
                return false;

            $output += $pos * ($fromBase ** ($length - $i));
        }

        return (int)$output;
    }
}